With the rapid development of urbanization, a large number of infrastructure construction, real estate development, subway, road and other production and construction projects are constantly being updated, which has caused damage to urban land resources and led to urban soil erosion. Among them, the impact of yellow mud water caused by soil erosion on the water quality of rivers and sewers has become a focus of attention. How to effectively prevent and treat yellow mud water has become a key focus of urban soil and water conservation and water conservation work. This article analyzes the generation and usage of yellow mud water, explores solutions and countermeasures for yellow mud water treatment, and provides ideas and references for urban water quality and soil and water conservation supervision of yellow mud water problems.